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1 General Questions·What is 'All things UNIX'?
·Who are the forum hosts?
·Is anyone allowed in here?
·Why are the some links here invalid?
·What is the NEWS section of the forum for?
·Who can submit NEWS?
·Why isn't the NEWS I submitted appearing in the NEWS section?
·What about the Logo for the UNIX forum?
·Is there an quick and easy way to setup *nix as a router?
·How do I burn Linux ISOs?
·How do I quickly set up a DNS server from start to finish (Using BIND)?
·What are tar, gz, and bz2?
·How do I set up my printer under Linux?
·Is there a faster way to get help?
·Is My Hardware Supported?
·What are the posting rules for forum?
·How do I copy a floppy in Unix/Linux?
·What is vi?
·Creating a Bootable Slackware ISO Under Windows
·What are the Linux pre-installation requirements for the speedtest software?
·How can I make UNIX/AIX commands more friendly
·How do I install GRUB?
·What is supposed to be in the directories on my UNIX system?
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All things UNIX is a forum where we talk about things related to the Linux, Unix, or BSD operating systems. We also try to help people with problems using those operating systems and learn from others in that process. As the forum description states "Broadband related, or not. As you wish.". So not only can you ask about broadband connectivity problems with Linux, Unix or BSD but you can also ask about other things such as Internet Sharing using Linux as NAT gateway, Accessing Windows files from Linux, having problems with Linux etc.
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by howe81 
last modified: 2002-06-12 10:56:19 |
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Our forum host is wafen ,  . Entries in the NEWS and FAQs section for this forum must be approved by the host before they are public.
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by howe81 edited by yock
last modified: 2006-10-23 09:03:31 |
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The answer is, Yes!! This is a public forum and everyone is welcome to read and contribute. You don't have to know anything about Linux, Unix, or BSD to be here, but you might learn some new things whilst visiting this forum.
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by howe81 edited by yock
last modified: 2006-10-23 09:18:27 |
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Links to different web pages etc. from this FAQ might have been broken or the page no longer exists. In this case, you will need to notify the hosts for this forum about it.
If you still do not know who the hosts are, please click here.
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by howe81 |
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The NEWS section is useful for all to post important news or announcements about Linux, UNIX or BSD.
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by howe81 |
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Similar to this FAQ, anyone can submit NEWS or important information so that others in the forum could view.
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by howe81 |
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Well, that is because you have to allow time for the hosts of this forum to approve your news. Please allow up to 48 hours and if it hasn't yet appeared, then please notify a host/moderator of this forum about it.
If you do not know who the hosts of the All things UNIX forum, please click here.
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by howe81
last modified: 2002-06-12 11:01:47 |
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Well, the new logo for the UNIX forum was a group effort spawned by this topic: /forum/remark,1729749~root=unixdsl~mode=flat and started from this thread.
Some of us weren't happy with the way parts of the old logo looked so we were asked to find better images to compose the logo.
Being the perfectionist that I am, decided to go out and not only find better images, but also to edit them myself, using comments others made, I designed the logo that we use now, then howe81 made some touch-ups, I want to thank everyone who helped in creating the fine logo we have now.
Alnero
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by Alnero edited by howe81
last modified: 2002-06-12 11:03:36 |
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Distro Watch maintains a list of the most popular and most updated Router and Firewall Distributions. They install just like any other operating system and provide useful tools for customizing them to your needs.
In addition to those listed on Distro Watch, the following list contains firewall distributions of a much smaller variety. Most, if not all, fit on a single 3.5" floppy disk and will run just fine on older hardware. If you're looking for a hobby box and want to put that old 486 or Pentium to work, you might give one of these a chance.
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by Qmanman9 edited by yock
last modified: 2006-10-23 10:23:03 |
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All the CD-Writing software can use ISO images to burn directly to a CD-Rom.
Important note: Take care to download the ISO in binary mode (FTP). By default Netscape will download the file in ASCII mode which will corrupt the image. You can check the integrity of the ISO file with the md5 key (md5sum mandrake.iso under Linux). Go to md5com to get the md5sum.exe version if you are using Windows.
Please avoid downloading the ISO with a 56K modem line. If the download
fails you need to be able to use "Resume" which allows you to continue the download. This works with FTP (reget), ncftp, CuteFTP, Getright, ...
 With Easy CD Creator:
• Open Easy CD Creator
• Go to "File"
• Then to "Create CD from disc image"
• Make sure to change the bottom drop down menu ("Files of type:") to say
"ISO image files"
It will do the rest after you browse to the *.iso file
(Thanks for zacheyer)
With WinOnCD:
• you can select a
"track-image" project when you click the New button. So long as you are
in track mode, not file-system mode (how that looks depends on whether
you have 3.0 or 3.5) then dragging a track image file onto the CD window
should accept it as a raw track. WinOnCD uses .RAW as its own
extension
(Thanks Rick Jones)
With Nero Burning Rom:
• Open Nero.
• Close the wizard if it is started automatically.
• Go to "File"
• then to "Burn Image...".
• In the next dialog, click on "Image Files (*.nrg)" and select "All files
(*.*)".
• Choose the .iso file and accept.
• In the following dialog make sure:
- Type of Image is: Data Mode 1
- Block size: 2048
- Image header: 0
- Image trailer: 0
- All the checkboxes are unactive.
• Click "OK".
• In the next dialog check that the "write" and "finalize" option are active.
• Click on "Write".
(Thanks Antonio Asensi)
With CD-Record:
• CD-Writing HowTo
• For example:
cdrecord -v speed=4 dev=4,0 mandrake.iso
You get the number on the SCSI bus number with "cdrecord --scanbus"
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by howe81 edited by KeysCapt
last modified: 2004-03-25 16:00:06 |
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•Register with Network Solutions (or your favorite registrar). Make sure the primary name server address points to the IP address of your soon-to-be DNS server.
•Download and install Bind.
•Setup your zone file in /var/named (or wherever you configured for).
Sample db.mydomain.com Zone File:
; mydomain.com
$TTL 86400
mydomain.com. IN SOA dns.mydomain.com. youremailaddress.mydomain.com. (
2001072300 ; Serial Number
10800 ; Refresh after 3 hours
3600 ; Retry after 1 hour
604800 ; Expire after 1 week
86400 ) ; Minimum TTL of 1 day
;
; Name Servers
;
mydomain.com. IN NS dns.mydomain.com.
;
; Addresses for the canonical names
;
mydomain.com. IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
localhost.mydomain.com. IN A 127.0.0.1
dns.mydomain.com. IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
;
; Aliases that must be A records
;
mail.mydomain.com. IN A xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
;
; Aliases
;
www.mydomain.com. IN CNAME dns.mydomain.com.
ftp.mydomain.com. IN CNAME dns.mydomain.com.
;
; Mail
;
mydomain.com. IN MX 5 mail.mydomain.com.
Sample reverse lookup db.127.0.0 file:
$TTL 86400
0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. IN SOA dns.mydomain.com. youremailaddress.mydomain.com. (
2000021100 ; Serial Number
10800 ; Refresh after 3 hours
3600 ; Retry after 1 hour
604800 ; Expire after 1 week
86400 ) ; Minimum TTL of 1 day
0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. IN NS dns.mydomain.com.
1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa. IN PTR localhost.
•Setup your named.conf configuration file in /etc (or wherever you've configured for).
Sample named.conf:
zone "mydomain.com" in {
type master;
file "db.mydomain.com";
};
// mandatory zones
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" in {
type master;
file "db.127.0.0";
};
zone "." in {
type hint;
file "db.cache";
};
•Download named.root from Internic. Rename it db.cache and install into /var/named along with your zone file.
; This file is made available by InterNIC registration services
; under anonymous FTP as
; file /domain/named.root
; on server FTP.RS.INTERNIC.NET
; -OR- under Gopher at RS.INTERNIC.NET
; under menu InterNIC Registration Services (NSI)
; submenu InterNIC Registration Archives
; file named.root
•Add Bind to your system startup scripts, if it isn't there already.
•Start BIND
a) run /usr/sbin/named or
b) if it's already started, find its process number and kill -HUP processnumber
•Read the documentation for all options and security concerns for running BIND. Good Luck!
Another good tutorial on how to setup and configure BIND 9 can be found at Unixwiz.net thanks to Steve.
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by statemachine edited by howe81
last modified: 2002-06-12 11:05:07 |
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These are the windows equivalent of .zip or .rar files. Many files that you download for programs will end in .tar.gz (others will end in .tgz, .tar.bz2, some files will end even in just .gz or just .bz2!). The same way you can put multiple files into 1 zip file you do this in linux by making a .tar file. However this doesn't compress it like a .zip does. So then you add either the more popular .gz or the less used .bz2. Of the two .bz2 seems to have better compression than .gz.
To remove the gz from a file do:
gzip -d filename.tar.gz
gzip -d filename.gz
than to remove the tar:
tar -xvf filename.tar
to remove .bz2
bunzip2 filename.tar.bz2
bunzip2 filename.bz2
In recent versions of GNU tar you can also both decompress the file and expand the archive in one operation. The '-z' option decompresses gzip files (.gz) and '-j' decompresses bzip2 (.bz2) files. Try the following:
tar -zxvf filename.tar.gz
tar -zxvf filename.tgz
tar -jxvf filename.tar.bz2
Note that in many of these examples we are combining the command-line switches (the -z and such after the command). In the last example, we could have written the following and achieved the same effect:
tar -z -x -v -f filename.tar.gz
We like to combine switches purely for our own convenience. The '-z' we've already covered. The '-x' tells tar to expand the archive out into its individual files. The '-v' is for verbose, where it will print the name of each file it expands to the screen. The '-f' is the force option, where we simply tell it to automatically confirm each file; otherwise, we would have to confirm every file as it gets written to disk.
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by Techie2000 edited by yock
last modified: 2006-10-23 10:37:26 |
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The best place to start, is of course, with the documentation that came with your distribution. If you downloaded and burned your distro, or have otherwise lost the documentation, the "Final Word" on printing with Linux comes from the LinuxPrinting organization, LinuxPrinting . This site has a wealth of information about both the older "Berkeley" style of print management, and the newer "Cups" style. It also has an extensive hardware database, and links to many manufacturers.
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by drjim edited by howe81
last modified: 2002-06-30 20:54:18 |
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If a forum post simply won't do, if you need help more urgently, or if you simply want to chat about Unix-like operating systems (who doesn't?!) then IRC might be what you need. Some members of this forum frequent a chat room and might be around to help you immediately, rather than waiting for replies to in the forum.
The chat is an IRC channel. If you're already savvy to IRC, just connect to the following server and channel. If you need help connecting, keep reading.
Network: Freenode
Server: irc.freenode.net
Port: 6667
Channel: #atu
You first need an IRC client. You have options, depending on your operating system. Here are a few choices:
Windows
•mIRC
•XChat2 for Windows
•Google Search for other Windows Clients
*nix (check your package manager first before installing from these sites)
•XChat2
•Konversation for KDE
•Gaim (also available for Windows)
•Irssi (command-line client)
•Google Search for other Linux Clients
Once you have an IRC client, you must connect to the proper network. There are literally hundreds of major IRC chat networks out there and many will be listed by default in your client's configuration screens. The one you need to connect to for our chat is Freenode. If Freenode isn't listed, then you must add it manually. This is always a simple operation, but it differs from client to client. Check the documentation for the client you chose and insert this server address:
irc.freenode.net
There is also a field for port number. It should default to the correct value, but make sure this number appears there:
6667
Once you are on the network, it will look something like a large IM window. A scrolling text area will appear at the top and a place to type messages and commands appears at the bottom. To join the chat, type the following command into the bottom area:
/join #atu
Note the leading slash (/) and the hash mark (#). Those are required.
Once you're in there, the regulars can help you with the other intricacies of IRC, and help you with your *nix issues of course!
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by yock |
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Under Linux, hardware support is a function of the kernel and not the OS. If one Linux distributor can support a device, they all can, so it's more of a matter of finding out whether Linux supports hardware than say Suse, Fedora, or Slackware. The following was taken from the Fedora FAQ and has some excellent information on how to determine whether your favorite devices are Linux-Compatible.
*Hardware modems pose no difficulty for Linux and are almost universally supported.
Linux isn't the only open source operating system out there. The three more popular BSD variants maintain their own hardware support notes.
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by drjim edited by yock
last modified: 2006-10-23 12:02:19 |
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The rule is, if you ask politely, chances are that someone with the answer to your question will step forward and help you out.
We also have posting rules so that it will be easier for us to help you. This can be found by clicking on the "Before you post click here" link in the forum description Here are the rules:General:
•Images should be kept small, at a displayable size of 640x480.
•If they are larger than the size stated above, please zip it up and upload as an attachment.
•RESPECT for all members of the forum from the newbie to the guru. To the newbies, respect the more senior members of the forum. We have spent many hours, days, weeks and in some cases, years working, learning, tweaking and hacking. To those who have been here before, respect the newbies... Remember, at one time EVERYONE was a newbie...
For those starting new threads:
•Check previous threads first.
•"Catchy title" should relate to the topic of the thread.
•Avoid using CAPS in "Catchy title".
•State distribution/flavor and version. E.g Red Hat Linux 7.0.
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by howe81 edited by bmn
last modified: 2002-11-26 04:55:44 |
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Copying an entire floppy (which is different than just copying the files on the floppy) is done with the dd command to and from the floppy device. On most systems this is /dev/fd0, though there may be local variations.
The floppies copied with this procedure are indistinguishable from the originals, including their "bootable" status.
insert the source floppy
$ dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/tmp/floppy.copy bs=9k
insert the target floppy
$ dd of=/dev/fd0 if=/tmp/floppy.copy bs=9k
$ rm /tmp/floppy.copy
if= specify the input file
of= specify the output file
bs= specify the blocksize (9k is optimal for floppies)
Note that the first step stores the contents of the floppy in the file /tmp/floppy.copy, and this file should be removed when it's no longer needed. But it can be reused to make multiple copies of a floppy (obviously, the floppy disks need to be changed each time).
$ dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/tmp/floppy.copy bs=9k # read source floppy
$ dd of=/dev/fd0 if=/tmp/floppy.copy bs=9k # write copy #1
$ dd of=/dev/fd0 if=/tmp/floppy.copy bs=9k # write copy #2
$ dd of=/dev/fd0 if=/tmp/floppy.copy bs=9k # write copy #3
...
$ rm /tmp/floppy.copy
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by Steve edited by bmn
last modified: 2004-05-31 16:40:23 |
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vi is an editor, text editor like Emacs or CDE
* to start vi you type in vi in the command line
* to add lines in vi hit i with nothing after it, this will enter you into entering mode
* to save a file after you done typing hit to enter command mode then hit :w filename
* then to quit vi enter a :q!
* to load a file from vi enter :e filename
* examples:::
if you wanted to edit the message of the day you would enter this command
vi /etc/motd
from the root or username command line
* to navigate in vi here are some key keys
in command mode, if you are not sure if you are in command mode hit the key a couple times.
* j = moves one line down
* k = moves one line up
* h = moves cursor one character left
* l = moves cursor one character right
* Control+F foward one page
* Control+B backwards one page
* x deletes chacter the curson is on
* dd deletes the line the curson is on
There are alot more advanced commands but these are the basic ones.
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by MystBlade edited by Zuhaib
last modified: 2003-12-16 14:16:44 |
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I was beating my head trying to figure out how to install Slackware from Windows. I could have gone the floppy disk route, but I had to be difficult because I wanted a bootable CD. The machine I wanted to use didn’t have Linux already on it so there went that option. Honestly, I’m lazy and just wanted to do this as simple as possible. Well I’m not going to lie. I originally got this FAQ from »www.userlocal.com/articles/isohowto.html. But things didn’t flow so well with me so I cleaned it up a bit and polished it up. Enough of my mouth and here we go.
1. Download the latest version of Slackware. Please see »All Things Unix FAQ »Where can I download Linux? if you need to know where.
2. Download cdrtools. The program we need is mkisofs. You can find the current version here: »ftp://ftp.berlios.de/pub/cdrecord/alpha/win32/
3. Extract the Slackware iso to any directory. There are many programs to extract an iso with. WinISO and isobuster are some programs.
4. Extract the cdrtools file to any directory. You will need winzip for this.
5. Next we will need to exclude some of the directories from the slackware-current directory so the iso image we create will fit on a cd. The slackware-current directory is just where you extracted it to-i.e. c:\slackware\*.* . There are suggestions in the readme.txt file in the isolinux directory as to what you may want to exclude.
You can exclude directories and files two ways:
A. use the -x parameter with mkisofs. The readme gives examples.
B. Move/delete the directories/files you want to exclude to another location not under the slackware-current directory or its subdirectories. You can just move the files you don’t need or delete them. You still have the slackware iso if you mess up. I chose to delete all directories but the slackware, kernels, and isolinux directories.
6. If you don't already have one, make a temporary directory outside of slackware-current to create your iso image in. I used "C:\temp".
7. Using a text editor such as notepad, create a one line ".cmd" file to run the mkisofs utility with all its parameters. I called mine "iso.cmd". If you are using "C:\temp" for your iso image directory and you are moving out the directories you wish to exclude, as I did, you can just cut and paste the code below for your batch file.
Code:
mkisofs -o /temp/slackware.iso -R -J -V "Slackware Install" -hide-rr-moved -v -d -N -no-emul-boot -boot-load-size 32 -boot-info-table -sort isolinux/iso.sort -b isolinux/isolinux.bin -c isolinux/isolinux.boot -A "Slackware Install CD" .
Copy or type all of this code into your editor on one line, without any returns. Otherwise windows will treat separate lines as separate commands and all of the parameters will not be passed to mkisofs. If you are using a directory other than \temp or \temp is on a different drive than slackware-current, you will need to edit the "/temp/slackware.iso" part of the code to match your drive or directory. If you are not moving out the directories you wish to exclude, you will need to use the -x parameter5 in your batch file to exclude these directories from the iso image.
Important! Please note the trailing "." at the end of the code listed above. This is the source path for mkisofs to copy files/directories from. That is not a period for the end of a sentence.
8. Save your batch file in the slackware-current directory using .cmd as the file extension. If you save and execute your batch file from a directory other than slackware-current, you will need to change the "." at the end of the mkisofs code listed above to the path to your slackware-current directory.
9. Now copy mkisofs.exe and cygwin1.dll to the directory where you extracted Slackware-i.e. c:\slackware\*.* . Now you could copy the contents of the cdrtools directory to your windows directory. This will put the mkisofs utility and needed cygwin1.dll in the search path so the utility can be run from any directory. I found it much easier to do it the first way. We’re just going to use this program for these steps.
10. Drop to a command prompt (click start > click run > type command or cmd > press enter) and change to your slackware-current directory. Run your batch file (for example, type iso.cmd then press enter). You should now see the mkisofs progress status as it creates your iso image.
11. Burn the image file (i.e., slackware.iso) to cd using your favorite cd burning app. I used Nero 5.5.
12. Enjoy your new Slackware ISO.
The man page for mkisofs can be found at: »www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glo···.13.html
The homepage for mkisofs is available at: »www.fokus.gmd.de/research/cc/glo···ord.html
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by proton666 edited by howe81
last modified: 2003-03-22 00:03:44 |
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The DSLR speed tests use Java, so the requirements are:
A network connection
A Java-compatible browser
Java browser plugin
Alternatively, a Flash-based test preview is available: »/speedtest?flash=1
Installing a Flash browser plugin will allow you to run this test.
Get Flash here: »www.adobe.com/shockwave/download···aveFlash
Get Sun Java here: »www.java.com/en/download/index.jsp
or Blackdown Java here: »www.blackdown.org/java-linux/jav···-d2.html
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by No_Strings
last modified: 2007-10-14 18:14:41 |
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Many Command line uses like to setup aliases for a long or complex commands to save typing. This is especially helpful while a person is learning or if they are used to different commands that map into AIX commands. Frequently typed commands are good candidates.
If you type the ALIAS command is will show you your entire current alias
Examples
Ls= ‘/usr/bin/ls –f’
Stop= ‘kill –stop’
Suspend= ‘kill –stop $$’
My files= ‘ls /u/home/mystblade’
To create an alias ls that replaces the ls command with a customized option,>>>>>>>>>type>>>>>alias ls= ‘ls –f’<<<<<<<< on the Korn shell
To do the same on the C shell type >>>>>>>> Alias ls ‘ls –f’ (notice that the c shell does not like the equal sign)
Bourne shell does not support aliases
All in all if you wanted to, you could change all your commands from UNIX style to DOS style if you are more familiar with DOS, or something more unique of your own.
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by MystBlade edited by howe81
last modified: 2003-12-16 01:49:46 |
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Run grub-install /dev/hdX as root where X is the drive you wish to install GRUB to (example: /dev/hda, the primary master device on the IDE bus).
If you want to keep your GRUB images and configurations in a directory like /boot rather than the root directory /, use the switch --root-directory=DIR
(example: grub-install --root-directory=/boot /dev/hda).
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by SpitefulCrow edited by howe81
last modified: 2004-11-13 21:05:22 |
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What is supposed to be in the directories on my UNIX system? -or- Where should I install software to on my UNIX system ?
Check out the following link for more information: »www.pathname.com/fhs/
submitted by BeesTea
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by bmn |
