Early on it was determined that it was possible to send a voice signal to a remote destination digitally, as well as via analog. To do that, we have to digitize it with an ADC (analog to digital converter), transmit it, and at the end transform it again in analog format with DAC (digital to analog converter) to use it.
This is basically the way VoIP works, sending voice information in digital form in discrete packets rather than in the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the public switched telephone network (PSTN). A major advantage of VoIP and Internet telephony is that it avoids the tolls charged by ordinary telephone service.
In order to use some of the basic services, (net2phone, IConnectHere), you can probably get away with just your PC, an internet connection, and your speakers/microphone. Most feel that using a headset is a much better solution.
In general, you need:
A high-speed internet connection. This can be a cable modem, or a super high-speed services such as ISDN, DSL or a T-1 link. The link you choose will depend upon the amount of telephone traffic you intend to use. A typical DSL link, for instance, is enough for eight simultaneous phone calls.
A VOIP box - about the size of a telephone modem. - your telephones just plug into the box. And your ordinary phone lines allow remote users to call in from outside.
An account with a VoIP provider. Your account can be configured to recognize your calls automatically, or you can require your users to enter their unique account numbers, issued by you.
Some examples of options in this area can be seen on IConnectHere's web site here.
These include headsets and handsets, both normal and USB, gateways, and IP phones.