 1 edit | [Tech Ops] Motorola R56 Document Alright everyone. Motorola has made available for everyone to download, the bible on site grounding and construction. Feel free to download. In the past this was not to be distributed but they have since changed that.
(link removed at request of Motorola)
Enjoy! -- "No job is so important, and no service is so urgent that we cannot take the time to perform our work safely." -- AT&T, Your World, Destroyed. --Safety One Tower Rescue Certified --LLigetfa:"Wimax is like teenage sex. Everyone talks about doing it." |
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 davidgGood Bye My FriendPremium,MVM join:2002-06-15 none | good, it was a PITA to email out!  |
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 | Tell me about it  |
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 lutfulPremium join:2005-06-16 Ottawa, ON Reviews:
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1 edit | reply to AMD Phreak said by AMD Phreak:bible on site grounding and construction Do you know when it was last updated? *** downloaded and reading ... updated in 2005 !
Recently I found a very comprehensive list of standards at »www.lightningsafety.com/nlsi_lhm···ety.html
*** 5. Codes and Standards
In the U.S. there is no single lightning safety code or standard providing comprehensive assistance. NFPA-780 is a general installation guideline for lightning protection systems. U.S. government lightning protection documents should be consulted.
The Federal Aviation Administration's FAA-STD-019d and the U.S Air Force's AFI 32-1065 are valuable. The IEEE 142 and IEEE 1100 Recommended Practices are suggested. Other recommended federal codes include military documents MIL HDBK 419A, Army PAM 385-64, NAVSEA OP 5, AFI 32-1065, NASA STD E0012E, MIL STD 188-124B, MIL STD 1542B, MIL STD 5087B, and UFC 3-570-01.
The International Electrotechnical Commissions IEC 62305 series for lightning protection is a comprehensive reference document for the lightning protection engineer. Adopted by many countries, IEC 62305 is a science-based document applicable to many design situations.
***
NFPA-780 and IEC 62305 are paid only, but many of the defence docs are free. Let's find their links and/or archive copies somewhere safe. I recall the highlighted ones are already posted in previous threads.  |
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 | reply to AMD Phreak As of fall last year they are working on an update.
they review several times a year though, and much of the information contained within is not only based of standards and science, but actual field experiences. |
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 lutfulPremium join:2005-06-16 Ottawa, ON Reviews:
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| I noticed that some suggestions contained in R56 (see above) was ridiculed in past discussions. 
The grounding/bonding/SPD suggestions are actually extracted from existing standards - there is nothing surprising or new here. They do not address any "science" other than a few casual mentions of inductance and a very misleading statement on keeping everything equal potential.
IMHO the writers should gain some "field experience" on lightning surge protection because they cop out at every turn and defer to other standards.
*** R56 wording almost implies that critical equipment inside R56-compliant shelter could get damaged by lightning
3.9.1 " ... the most effective way of protecting the CO switch from lightning damage is to locate it separately from a communications site and accompanying tower at the same facility. Not only is the CO switch much more expensive to replace than typical communications equipment, but the entire system will fail if the CO switch fails. ... due to a lightning strike to the radio tower."
*** R56 does mention building structure is better than ground conductors, but in a vague manner with no specific guidance.
4.8 " In new construction, provisions shall be engineered into the building design for effective roof-mounted antenna mast and support structure grounding ... using effectively grounded structural building steel (preferred) ... metallic antenna support structures that are directly and effectively bonded to effectively grounded structural building steel. "
*** R56 cops out with "minimum" suggestions and defers to other standards.
4.9 "... all exposed buildings with rooftop towers shall be equipped with a lightning protection system, as outlined in NFPA 780-2004 ... engineering firm specializing in the design and installation of lightning protection systems should be consulted for proper design and installation of the building lightning protection system ... lightning protection system shall meet the requirements of BS 6651:1999, IEC 61024-1-2, NFPA 780-2004 ..." |
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 davidgGood Bye My FriendPremium,MVM join:2002-06-15 none | in MY experience complying with R56 makes a HUGE difference in the ability to safely divert the strike energy. some of the stuff may sound redundant or sound like it was taken from other standards without research, but i can tell you that it is there because as of the date it was written it is the best method around. i personally know several field TECHS that contribute to R56 revisions, not some engineer who sits behind a desk and tries to justify there job. when they find something works or does not work, they pass the info along and the manual gets updated accordingly.
if it is good enough to protect multi million dollar cell and public safety sites, it is more than good enough to protect another type wireless site that costs a fraction of that. is it costly to implement, sure it is. but preventing just 1 strike can often pay for the cost of implementation. i've seen a Rohn 80 tower glow orange for 2 minutes after a hard direct strike and have zero damage to any equipment installed to R56 standards. i was actually IN the equipment shack when the strike happened, the only way i knew it was the guy outside came in to see if i was ok and he said come look at the tower.
whether you choose to follow R56 standards is up to you. heck i know a guy that intentional cut loose every ground inside his building, including the grounds for electrical outlets/conduits, the only ground was the tower iteself, and he never took a strike again. was it luck, or was he on to something, i don't know and i ain't risking MY stuff to find out! -- Lack of Preparation on YOUR Part does NOT Constitute an Emergency on Mine! |
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 | reply to lutful The book was written to provide guidance. I have found some things are elaborated on somewhat while others are just stated as "do this, and if you want more information, look to X standard".
I don't see much of an issue with the method in which they are conveying the concepts and how-to's.
After all, the document is written for technicians to reference. Not everyone has a PhD in this stuff, and as such you have to make it simple enough for joe shmoe to follow. -- "No job is so important, and no service is so urgent that we cannot take the time to perform our work safely." -- AT&T, Your World, Destroyed. --Safety One Tower Rescue Certified --LLigetfa:"Wimax is like teenage sex. Everyone talks about doing it." |
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 lutfulPremium join:2005-06-16 Ottawa, ON Reviews:
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1 edit | reply to davidg said by davidg:if it is good enough to protect multi million dollar cell and public safety sites ... R56 writers frequently mention meeting only the "minimum" requirements for grounding/bonding and mention many ideas for better performance are available in other standards. 
said by davidg:it is more than good enough to protect another type wireless site They have actually asked their target audience to hire an engineering firm specializing in lightning protection systems for critical wireless installations.
Motorola provides very specific guidance for lightning surge protection of Canopy radio installations with simple diagrams for installers. »Best practice generalized from Motorola/Alvarion docs
FYI many aspects of outdoor WISP equipment protection are not covered properly in the R56 document because it was written for a somewhat different audience and purpose. |
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 lutfulPremium join:2005-06-16 Ottawa, ON Reviews:
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1 edit | reply to AMD Phreak said by AMD Phreak:you have to make it simple enough for joe shmoe to follow. The problem is that Joe Shmoe does not often understand when and why he is expected to follow what guidance but wants to dispute engineers who do. 
Compare R56's 911 shelter proteciton scenario with the recent debates in »Lightning damage pics
( EE: Electrical Engineer / XE: Experienced Electrician / XI: Experienced installer )
EE: pass all telecom-related cables (RF, T1, DSL, phones lines) into an outdoor shelter through a single bulkhead which is bonded using multiple wide straps to combined tower+shelter grounding system. ... each must have surge protectors properly tested and UL-rated for lightning strikes ... AC coming into the shelter needs to have robust surge rotection on neutral as per IEC diagram. ... I would not have cared as much if their solution only fried equipment but dangerous advice from forum electricians could actually kill [people] if they happen to be inside this shelter ... and lightning strikes nearby
XE: To mix Telco/coax togeather not [only] violates the ground window concept it is a unallowed practice.
XE: Each service SHALL have its own entry point and its own grounding bar which will be tied back to the proper grounding window of the sites MGB
EE: while it is often necessary to make compromises by using multiple entry (bonded together) for convenience, the single plate method does not become "absolutely incorrect"
XE: No single plates allowed* pure and simple maybe somewhere else in the world but not around here.
XI: it is prohibited by the guidelines we follow set forth by people who provide us with site installation guidelines.
EE: Some of [XE] suggestions could even prove fatal to someone in the shelter during a nearby storm
XI: Please enlighten me on this, comment. I have yet to see anything suggested by the member that could prove fatal. So far I see that it mirrors everything in my guidelines ...
That is just one aspect from that thread ... ground path's inductance, limitations of equipotential bonding, SPD types suitable for LPS, ... almost everything explained by EE was disputed by XE/XIs who are supposedly following R56. 
We all have access to R56 now and can deduce when to seek other guidance for lightning surge protection. |
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 1 edit | That diagram is a bit different than the standard comm shelter.
By the time one has reached the point of that diagram it is assumed that the communications gear has been installed in accordance with the prior recommendations. That diagram is further up the food chain, so to speak. We do not single plate anything (maybe I am misunderstanding your definition/description of single plate?).
There ARE exceptions made however, such as at comm sites where there are POE radios, RF cables, CCTV POE, CCTV 24VAC, IF+Power, etc where they must all run in though the main entry window, but then they are all bonded at the EGB and MGB respectively (in the best manner possible). Even in these instances I will often use secondary SPD's to protect between equipment, most notably for example between the output of a DSx microwave system, and a MUX which is connected to other equipment.
EDIT TO ADD:
Telco and Optical always has its own entry point. This is how the shelters are built by the mfg's. In these cases we install a SSGB and bond it back to the MGB.
I won't argue any of the information in that drawing or the section of the guidelines from where it came. -- "No job is so important, and no service is so urgent that we cannot take the time to perform our work safely." -- AT&T, Your World, Destroyed. --Safety One Tower Rescue Certified --LLigetfa:"Wimax is like teenage sex. Everyone talks about doing it." |
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 lutfulPremium join:2005-06-16 Ottawa, ON Reviews:
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1 edit | said by AMD Phreak:That diagram is a bit different than the standard comm shelter ... That diagram is further up the food chain, so to speak ...We do not single plate anything ... Telco and Optical always has its own entry point. Let us ignore "optical" for this extremely important argument about grounding/bonding of "metallic" conductors entering outdoor shelter. Let me rephrase the fundamental "science" which is being disputed in WISP fourm by a few electricians and installers by invoking various code and guidelines. 
Maximum possible protection for both humans and equipment is provided by bonding every single metallic conductor (signal or power) within the smallest possible distance. A bonding distance of a few feet, even with perfect zero ohm conductors and perfect exothermic bonds, could produce killer voltage difference and damaging surge indoors.
Even if it has not happened so far, it will happen at some point in the future during a sufficiently strong lightning strike. The danger can also be demonstrated to skeptics by injecting simulated lightning surge of gradually increasing magnitude into such an installation.
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 | I won't argue the point you made. I agree with the fact that bonding shall be done with the smallest distance possible.
The fact remains that we still are not to run all cables (telco, rf, power, etc) through the same entry. |
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 lutfulPremium join:2005-06-16 Ottawa, ON Reviews:
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| said by AMD Phreak:The fact remains that we still are not to run all cables (telco, rf, power, etc) through the same entry. Because of what rule? What if you are building a emergency dispatch center and follow R56? |
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 davidgGood Bye My FriendPremium,MVM join:2002-06-15 none | said by lutful:said by AMD Phreak:The fact remains that we still are not to run all cables (telco, rf, power, etc) through the same entry. Because of what rule? What if you are building a emergency dispatch center and follow R56? then you do NOT bring them thru the same entry nor run them close together. -- Lack of Preparation on YOUR Part does NOT Constitute an Emergency on Mine! |
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 | said by davidg:said by lutful:said by AMD Phreak:The fact remains that we still are not to run all cables (telco, rf, power, etc) through the same entry. Because of what rule? What if you are building a emergency dispatch center and follow R56? then you do NOT bring them thru the same entry nor run them close together. David is correct.
I wish I could show photos on the forum here or even in private but I cannot....
Each service type enters from different locations, but most ideally on the same wall as the RF feeders. -- "No job is so important, and no service is so urgent that we cannot take the time to perform our work safely." -- AT&T, Your World, Destroyed. --Safety One Tower Rescue Certified --LLigetfa:"Wimax is like teenage sex. Everyone talks about doing it." |
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 lutfulPremium join:2005-06-16 Ottawa, ON Reviews:
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| said by AMD Phreak:I wish I could show photos on the forum here or even in private but I cannot.... Let's discuss using diagrams/photos within R56 and other guidelines. See above from R56 for follwing question. If necessary we can draw on them clarify. 
said by AMD Phreak:Each service type enters from different locations, but most ideally on the same wall as the RF feeders. I am curious what rules prohibit different type of comms cables (coax, POTS, DSL, T1, control, etc) entering through a single "integrated" bulkhead plate like this?
If there are rules about minimum separation distance, what exactly is it? Because if shelter wall is made of metal, multiple entry plates are acting just like a single plate. Or do you have to intentionally put insulating backing behind those separate plates to satisfy some clueless "code" inspector?  |
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 | Those entrances are specific for RF cable entries, and the book although not directly stating, insinuates as such. |
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 | reply to AMD Phreak I do not recall seeing any defined 'rules', but the book is a guideline (written by EE's, Electricians, Technicians, and others) so I am sure they have their reasons, even though they do not point to anything specific. |
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 lutfulPremium join:2005-06-16 Ottawa, ON Reviews:
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| reply to AMD Phreak said by AMD Phreak:Those entrances are specific for RF cable entries, and the book although not directly stating, insinuates as such. Most probably you meant "coaxial" cable ... not realizing that they can be made to carry all "services" mentioned earlier plus AC/DC power too. However that is not my argument. Such "Integrated Cable Entry" systems are designed to bring in every single connection safely - including AC power - into a shelter.
Read the paragraph preciding that diagram carefully and you can "insinuate" that it won't violate NEC to make the inner surface MGB for the shelter. |
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