First: don't run rsync directly from cron; these command lines are too long and hard to document.
Instead, put it in a shell script (say,
/usr/local/bin/cron-rsync-to-some-other-machine) and then run
this out of cron.
52 9 * * * /usr/local/bin/cron-rsync-to-some-other-machine
The --exclude stuff for sure has to be in single quotes.
Are you seeing anything in the logs?