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joel321

join:2013-04-13
USA

Cable gauge

Click for full size
I am thinking about doing this to my truck since I recently installed an amplifier with 12” woofers plus HID lamps.

»www.f150online.com/forums/articl···avy.html

I have about 40 feet left of speaker wire that is encased as one cable. Two cables are 14 gauge (silver) for the highs and two cables are 11 gauge for the mid-lows (copper).

Now here comes the question...can I combine the two 14g and the two 11g to make a 4g wire and not have any issues?

A quick measurement of all the wires combined is .224 inch which this chart here says is in the 4g range.

»www.rbeelectronics.com/wtable.htm

I don't need this speaker wire cable anymore and I am planing to do this on my other car too....but just want to make sure combining all cables will act as one.

Thanks.


Sc0tt
Kneedragger
Premium
join:2000-11-13
Stockholm, NJ

I use 0 gauge neoflex welding wire for amp power.

at the very least, use the correct wire for power---NOT speaker wire. you can get a cheap amp power kit from any local stereo shop, including the proper fuse(s) and holder(s)


joel321

join:2013-04-13
USA

Thanks. I just thought I might as well use this wire since I don't have any use for it...i can buy 4g or other by the foot from this car audio place but I just thought I could help mother nature and not allow this to go to waste...but still be safe while doing it....

Here is the brand of the cable....»www.htd.com/Products/Speaker-and···-BW#more

I also would not mind learning a bit from a technical stand point.

Like someone giving me an example of a highway...four lanes one way four lanes another...during rush hour, if said one way was added another two lanes, would said way be less congested?

I like learning, helping myself, and helping mother earth too .



Jason
Stowage Class Traveler
Premium,Mod
join:2001-01-24
38.2967 Lat
kudos:3
Reviews:
·AT&T U-Verse

If you're using it for power, not freq delivery, I'd say use it.. If the cross-sectional area of the conductors in the cable meets the ampacity requirement, then go for it.

If you intend to carry a high amperage signal that has important frequency characteristics, then not so much.. I'd go with purchasing cabling that meets the requirements.

Just my 0.02$
--
When cryptography is outlawed, bayl bhgynjf jvyy unir cevinpl.



Archer0T8
aka UnrealArcher

join:2005-01-21
East York, ON

said by Jason:

If you're using it for power, not freq delivery, I'd say use it.. If the cross-sectional area of the conductors in the cable meets the ampacity requirement, then go for it.

If you intend to carry a high amperage signal that has important frequency characteristics, then not so much.. I'd go with purchasing cabling that meets the requirements.

Just my 0.02$

It's not quite that simple, though, since you're dealing with parallel conductors that may not quite be the same length, so you get into load balancing factors across the lines. I'd just go with a single conductor of the proper size just to be absolutely sure rather than trying to hack something together with smaller wire gauges.

For the big three I'd say just get 0 gauge for it.


Jason
Stowage Class Traveler
Premium,Mod
join:2001-01-24
38.2967 Lat
kudos:3
Reviews:
·AT&T U-Verse

said by Archer0T8:

It's not quite that simple, though, since you're dealing with parallel conductors that may not quite be the same length, so you get into load balancing factors across the lines.

Indeed, quite true..

Recently, I designed a pulsed DC system that needed to move 4,000A through flexible wire, so, we used 16X 444MCM DLO type cable... 8X to the Pos, and 8X cables to the neg.. All running alongside each-other. Quite flexible, fairly cheap, and able to transmit current effectively. The conductors to the neg pole were considerably longer than the cables to the positive pole. Roughly 2X the length.. Math told us that the difference was less than 1%...

But... There *was* a difference
--
When cryptography is outlawed, bayl bhgynjf jvyy unir cevinpl.

lutful
... of ideas
Premium
join:2005-06-16
Ottawa, ON
Reviews:
·TekSavvy DSL
reply to Archer0T8

said by Archer0T8:

said by Jason:

.. If the cross-sectional area of the conductors in the cable meets the ampacity requirement, then go for it.

It's not quite that simple, though, since you're dealing with parallel conductors that may not quite be the same length, so you get into load balancing factors across the lines.

Occasionally people want to parallel lower gauge cables and want assurances that it is OK ... but it is NOT OK for high current applications.

»How to calculate the amperage of paralleled conductors???


MatrixHDV

join:2012-09-25
Tuscaloosa, AL

1 edit
reply to joel321

said by joel321:

I don't need this speaker wire cable anymore and I am planing to do this on my other car too....but just want to make sure combining all cables will act as one.

Thanks.

It will work just fine just be sure to keep the cables for both channels at the same length even if is not required to physically reach the speakers or you may have some bass problems from side to side.


MatrixHDV

join:2012-09-25
Tuscaloosa, AL

1 edit
reply to lutful

said by lutful:

Occasionally people want to parallel lower gauge cables and want assurances that it is OK ... but it is NOT OK for high current applications.

Untrue, as it worked just fine despite what was posted by the code nazi's. We completed the production with more than enough amperage for the job with nary a problem.


Sc0tt
Kneedragger
Premium
join:2000-11-13
Stockholm, NJ
reply to joel321

I would be more worried about the sheathing on the cable wearing through and causing a fire.


lutful
... of ideas
Premium
join:2005-06-16
Ottawa, ON
Reviews:
·TekSavvy DSL
reply to Jason

said by Jason:

Recently, I designed a pulsed DC system that needed to move 4,000A through flexible wire, so, we used 16X 444MCM DLO type cable... 8X to the Pos, and 8X cables to the neg.. All running alongside each-other. Quite flexible, fairly cheap, and able to transmit current effectively.

Imagine 1 of the 8 parallel conductors fail, 7 of them will still try to transmit 4000A effectively. Now imagine 2 of the 8 parallel conductors fail ... etc. That is why code is written so clearly:


Exception No. 1: Conductors in sizes smaller than 1/0
AWG shall be permitted to be run in parallel to supply
control power to indicating instruments, contactors, relays,
solenoids, and similar control devices, or for frequencies of
360 Hz and higher, provided all of the following apply:

(a) They are contained within the same raceway or cable.

(b) The ampacity of each individual conductor is sufficient to carry the entire load current shared by the parallel conductors.

(c) The overcurrent protection is such that the ampacity of each individual conductor will not be exceeded if one or more of the parallel conductors become inadvertently disconnected.


MatrixHDV

join:2012-09-25
Tuscaloosa, AL

1 edit

said by lutful:

That is why code is written so clearly:

However the "code" does not apply to installations in vehicles, as such it is irrelevant in this matter.

Furthermore it is common in vehicles such as over the road trucks and locomotives to find paralleled low voltage cables powering very high amperage starting systems without any overload protection what so ever.


public

join:2002-01-19
Santa Clara, CA
reply to lutful

That is similar to stating that stranded cables do not work.
NEC was written to prevent accidentally disconnecting some of the strands for other use.


lutful
... of ideas
Premium
join:2005-06-16
Ottawa, ON
Reviews:
·TekSavvy DSL

1 edit

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said by public:

That is similar to stating that stranded cables do not work.

FYI all those strands are twisted firmly together in a single mass of metal and make a single connection at each end ... which is quite different than making separate connections for each strand.

*** The engineering concerns are the same with parallel runs of lower gauge conductors, regardless of AC or DC application or local code requirements.


MatrixHDV

join:2012-09-25
Tuscaloosa, AL

said by lutful:

FYI all those strands are twisted firmly together in a single mass of metal and make a single connection at each end ...

Which is the same as the OP wishes to do, BTW who ever crimped that connector should be taken behind a shed and slapped silly for crimping it the way he did.


joel321

join:2013-04-13
USA
reply to joel321

Thanks guys for the information. After reading, I feel safe that I can get away with it by using it.

To be on the safe side, I will buy a low amp fuse and try this simple test....currently, (no pup intended) when my lights are on and my stereo is on, when I click on the door lock button, my lights dim.

So I will replace the factory cable with the speaker wire, if the lights don't dim, I will keep it, if they do, I will go buy 0g.

FWIW, back in my younger years (early teens) I also had a sound system in my car. I was going to work in the morning and a started my car. I forgot to lower the volume knob on it the previous day and I just got welcomed with loud music and bass.

I arrived at work (15 minute drive on the highway) and parked. After work, my car did not want to start. Amplifier fuse (the one on the 4g wire) was good...car fuses where good. Battery was dead though.

I got a jump start by a good person...car started...then cut off. This showed a sing of bad alternator...back then I was quite aware that a battery is only good for starting and alternator takes over after it starts and charges the battery.

At any rate, I ended up calling someone to get me home...

long story short, one of “big 3” cables had burnt right at the connection. It was the one coming from the alternator.

I could not see it because it had burnt inside the cable shield...until I moved it for some reason and it felt stiff...was suppose to be flexible.

Wow, I just remembered this...thanks for the info. Now it clicks that the “big 3” should have prevented this.


lutful
... of ideas
Premium
join:2005-06-16
Ottawa, ON
Reviews:
·TekSavvy DSL

said by joel321:

After reading, I feel safe that I can get away with it by using it.

Are you going to twist the silver and copper strands together? They have very good chemistry.

joel321

join:2013-04-13
USA

Twist all four cables and solder them together using small butane torch.

I didn't know the silver wires where actually silver coated until I read the specs. And on top of 99.99% (100%?) oxygen-free copper. Sounds high tech. I never even thought of copper having oxygen in it before.


lutful
... of ideas
Premium
join:2005-06-16
Ottawa, ON
Reviews:
·TekSavvy DSL

1 edit

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said by joel321:

Twist all four cables and solder them together using small butane torch.


I actually wanted you to think about twisting silver and copper strands together.

I will look up a table I posted many years ago about the electro-chemical potential difference between different metals which lead to corrosion over time. You will see that copper/silver pairing is only "borderline" acceptable - not good for high current application. *** found the table: »Corrosion at bulkhead joints

You should crimp the 4 bundles of strand without any twisting between copper/silver bundles. Then heat up the crimp terminal with your torch and flow solder into the crimp. Solder alloy is OK for both copper and silver.

P.S. That advice and photo is from this blog: »blog.iimuchfabrication.com/?p=360
You will find similar advice to both crimp and solder in SAE guides for battery and jumper cable.


cowboyro
Premium
join:2000-10-11
Shelton, CT
reply to joel321

nm



MatrixHDV

join:2012-09-25
Tuscaloosa, AL

1 edit

1 recommendation

reply to lutful

said by lutful:

Then heat up the crimp terminal with your torch and flow solder into the crimp. Solder alloy is OK for both copper and silver.

Terrible advice, never put a torch to a crimp terminal that's what solder terminals where invented for.

joel321

join:2013-04-13
USA
reply to lutful

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said by lutful:

I actually wanted you to think about twisting silver and copper strands together.

Thank you very much. I decided to solder each cable independently thinking the thin layer of solder will separate copper from silver. For good measure I will use electronic connector lubricant to keep moisture out.


ArthurS
Watch Those Blinking Lights
Premium
join:2000-10-28
Hamilton, ON

1 recommendation

The problem with tinning the leads with solder prior to a compression connection is that over time, the mechanical connection will loosen, no matter how hard you crimp or tighten the screw, even multiple times, due to cold flow of the metal used in the solder. Use solder ONLY for wires that are being bonded to solder terminals.


lutful
... of ideas
Premium
join:2005-06-16
Ottawa, ON
Reviews:
·TekSavvy DSL

1 edit

You are supposed to flow solder into a heat expanded terminal AFTER crimping. Once it cools down, all the strands become part of a solid metal mass with the inner surface of the terminal.

P.S. You can buy cylindrical solder lugs which fit inside the terminals. There are also a terminals are pre-filled with solder. Both have sufficient amount of solder to flow around all the strands.

*** somewhat different instruction from John Luthy, Molex's connector product division manager:

Before crimping the terminal pin, tin the end of the bare wire with some solder (best method is to dip the wire end into a hot solder pot).

Crimp the terminal properly (see the notes above!) using a good quality hand crimper (Molex WHT-1921 part# 11-01-0015, Molex part# 63811-1000, or Amp 725).

After the wire is properly crimped, using a temperature controlled soldering station (750 degree maximum), heat the terminal pin momentarily, right where the tinned wire is crimped in the terminal pin. The tinned wire's solder should heat and reflow, spreading to the terminal pin. Do NOT add any additional solder!



MatrixHDV

join:2012-09-25
Tuscaloosa, AL

said by lutful:

You are supposed to flow solder into a heat expanded terminal AFTER crimping.

Incorrect, you don't solder connectors that are designed to be crimped.

Either properly crimp them or utilise solder connectors and solder them.

»www.andersonpower.com/products/use.html

»panduit.custhelp.com/app/answers···-them%3F

iknow_t

join:2012-05-03
reply to joel321

actually, you get a much lower voltage drop by coating the wires in marine grease, and crimping them in high current applications. the marine grease don't dry out, and prevents oxidation, the crimping makes a copper to copper connection, which is superior to a soldered connection in high current situations. measure the lug to lug voltage drop on a soldered connection at 50 amps and greater load sometime!.


lutful
... of ideas
Premium
join:2005-06-16
Ottawa, ON
Reviews:
·TekSavvy DSL

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said by iknow_t:

crimping makes a copper to copper connection, which is superior to a soldered connection in high current situations.

That is true ... if you have proper crimping tool and matching die for terminal and cable
and apply enough force to eliminate all voids in the crimped assembly without compromising the terminal.

Even if he had the proper crimping tool, OP is making a custom cable assembly using 4 different stranded cables ... there is no matching die to make a perfect crimped terminal. That is why I suggested filling in the crimped terminal with solder.

Properly sealing the assembly, crimped or soldered or crimped and soldered, is always a good idea.

said by iknow_t:

measure the lug to lug voltage drop on a soldered connection at 50 amps and greater load sometime!.

Soldered terminals are being used for much high current than 50A! Above table shows terminal lugs for 4/0 cable and the pre-filled terminal is for 3/0 cable.


SmokChsr
Who let the magic smoke out?
Premium
join:2006-03-17
Saint Augustine, FL
reply to joel321

Let me throw some gas on the fire here, I didn't see where the actual current or power requirement was determined.

Yes there is almost always a better way to do things, but as for the OP's question, yes it will likely work just fine. I don't think he is going to be sending his car into space so we really don't need to go to NASA specs. Gee this one almost sounds like a "Home Improvement" thread

PS, check the price on hearing aids while your at it.. You'll need them soon.


lutful
... of ideas
Premium
join:2005-06-16
Ottawa, ON
Reviews:
·TekSavvy DSL

said by SmokChsr:

I didn't see where the actual current or power requirement was determined.

OP wants to make a custom cable equivalent to "4g" for powering some amplifier and HID lamp on his truck. We don't know maximum power consumption and if he intends to drive the truck.

said by SmokChsr:

Yes there is almost always a better way to do things, but as for the OP's question, yes it will likely work just fine. I don't think he is going to be sending his car into space so we really don't need to go to NASA specs.

You don't need to explain "it" ... "it" is exactly opposite of whatever I suggested, right?


LazMan
Premium
join:2003-03-26
canada
reply to joel321

Instead of all this fiddling and f_cking around; why not just use the right cable for the job? 2 x 14 ga + 2x11 ga of different materials? You'll never get a 'proper' conector installation on that setup...

You've gotten some decent advice in this thread, and some horrible advice, too...

What sort of draw are you expecting to pass, what's it fused at?

And I doubt it's cable voltage drop causing your lights to dim - have you got a capacitor or second battery in your setup? That's where I'd start at - the dim from the lock actuators is the extra load being thrown on the alternator, and the voltage regulator not being able to respond quickly enough...

I used to have a compitition car, back in my youger, wilder, less married, more money having days....